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What are the limitations of W.D. Gann angle measurement?

What are the limitations of W.D. Gann angle measurement? There are a number of “hand-wave” corrections that we cannot really quantify, given the small quantities involved in the theory. For example, a good measurement of the Gann angle usually starts around the 60% of the total energy loss, or just before the second longitudinal peak. The first approximation W.D. Gann would be valid. Our interest lies in measurements that occur within small ranges of $x_F ^*$. At $x_F ^* \approx 1.6$, where we make our initial GBM measurements, the GBM is on top of the region where the first minimum in the Pb-nucleus potential occurs [@Bertsch88]. Thus, our approximate W.D. Gann angle measurements should be good except for at the energy (or $x_F ^*$) minima.

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The minimum at $x_F ^* = 2.8$ is at the back of the collision. We can perform checks on this assumption. The number of longitudinal nucleon-nucleon pairs, which determine the fractional energy loss from Eq. (\[eq:sigma\_lambda\]), is large at these close-to-minimum energies, but the overlap with the W.D. Gann formula for $\lambda (\lambda ‘)$ is small. In this region a smaller angle measurement might be better because we are picking up diffractive dissociation. This observation is similar to that of Binns et al. [@Binns01] who found that a D-Nucleus angle measurement was more reproducible than the $\nu$-Nucleus angle for $x_F ^* < 2$. The minimum for $x_F ^* \approx 2.5$ is not as deep as it was for $x_F^* = 2.8$.

Planetary Movements

We also see that the ratio of transverse energy loss to longitudinal decreases as we go to the extreme values of longitudinal momentum loss. This is a consequence of the fact that the solid angle subtended by many of the targets is considerably smaller than the nuclear collision region, the target radius is much larger than the dipole size and the overlap of target and the dipole is smaller than the region over which we look. Having neglected the interaction radius from the nucleus, the dipole may be as large as $r_d$ plus one or two fermis. This minimum “zipper“ effect will happen for loss of longitudinal momentum greater than about 2.5 times the transverse. In fact, this assumption may not be important for a collinear dipole of radii less than about 2 fermi, because the longitudinal dipole contributions come primarily from the area of the dipole having dipole sizes greater than about 6 fermi. The overlap of these losses with the Gann-angle formula may also be problematic forWhat are the limitations of W.D. Gann angle measurement? ====================================================== A retrospective analysis of consecutive patellar instability cases treated by the senior author using the W.D. Gann angle in comparison with previously published data re-analyzed the limitations of measurements used for data interpretation.^[@R1]–[@R5]^ Of 87 cases, there was a 100% correlation between anterolateral instability (Gann angle \> 30°) and patellar tilt \> 30°, a 100% correlation between patellar tilt \> 30° and lateral release, and an 83.8% correlation between Gann angle \> 40° and lateral release.

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Whereas many previous studies assume all of their measurements to be valid, this study revealed a significant overlap between measurements that are considered valid assessment criteria by most. The results indicate that values for Gann angle, patellar tilt, and lateral release for all ranges should not be assumed normal but must be indicated and reassessed in any case where there is a change in patient status. A graph is available in Figure I at . Are W.D. Gann angle measurements reliable? ========================================== The Gann angle, also known as the W.D. Gann angle, was introduced in the early 1920s with the goal of differentiating lateral patellar instability from the medial variety.^[@R1]^ The original Gann methodology placed marks to the patella transpatellar and transpatellar-anteroposterior to determine the point of maximal tilt about the patella.^[@R1]–[@R3],[@R6]–[@R9]^ While research has furthered our understanding of patellar lateral instability and the role of laxity in cases of intraligamentary and muscle-tendon unit instability, the methodology and assumptions required of the methodology are outdated. Although the Gann angle was developed for patient-specific follow-up as a means of assessing and grading the laxity in both medial and lateral patellar instability cases, its methods and findings have been limited to measuring medial stability only with a more recent, but less validated, updated literature detailing medial stability and lateral instability.

Sacred Numbers

By their nature, the angle measurements are not perfect, yet it is necessary to evaluate and determine the limitations of the evaluation and to keep this in mind while evaluating outcomes. Prior research indicated that the measured angle should be within 20 degrees of 10° of perfect; the measured angle was less than 10 degrees from perfect in 15% of cases and outside of 30 degrees in 18.8% of cases.^[@R1]–[@R5]^ Using the more common measure of \> 30° of tilt or greater, the studies reported that range from a 0% to 46.2% false positive and a 0What are the limitations of W.D. Gann angle measurement? Can it change my surgery? September 11, 1998 Dear Dr. Gass: I have been given a W.D. Gann angle that I believe to be inaccurate. Can another examination change the way that I operate? Anne Goodridge Dear Anne: Angles cannot change the way that you operate. Whether you have an open fusion or an arthrodesis, you are interested in making the most complete fusion possible, working on pain relief. A decrease in the Gann angle is very common after an intertrochanteric hip revision because of poor soft tissue over the hip.

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As you know, if the sciatic nerve gets pinched as you close the hip, bad paresthesias of the leg can occur. When the nerve is pinched, it shrinks in cross-sectional area until it is able to spread out (diametrocauterize) and resume normal function. To achieve a fused position, surgeons still do use bone plates across the joint to provide additional stability and to limit motion in the first part of the operation. The screws and plates do nothing to increase the area of the joint. The articular surfaces are still closed once the removal of the bone, joint replacement with a metal bearing surface, and some bony stabilization are completed. The only effect of the implants you receive is that they provide a better mechanical environment for the new joint to grow in, so that it eventually works better and gets stronger. I you can try here say that the ability to set an angle on a hip after surgery is only a device. I don’t perform an operation where there is no reason for the surgery. I see no role for the mechanic device in the surgery. December 18, 2001 Dear Dr. Gann: I have had an intertrochanteric fracture of the right femur for over 2 years. I had fusion and a total hip replacement 6 months post surgery. I am in pain a lot of the time.

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Is there anything you know of that would help me with my pain levels? Ranitagorn, H. Dear Ranitagorn: Fractures are healed. The pain is due to soft tissue injury or nerve injury. You may need something from your orthopedist, a physician expert on your specific condition. November 20, 2002 Dear Dr. Ginn: I have slipped off the toilet and landed on my right shoulder. I have had x-rays with an outside radiologist and have mild bone chips. Is it okay for me to try to get back to normal activities or at least to get a massage? Since I live alone, I really don’t want to get a wheelchair or a cane. A walking and normal activity will be good for me. I don’t want a hospital stay just a massage therapist. Miche